Як відомо, Завдання 26 – 31 на ЄДІ – це вправи на словотворення. Як показує практика, дуже багато хто вважає ці завдання чи не найскладнішими в усьому ЄДІ з англійської мови. Однак, за кожен з 6 правильних відповідей ви можете отримати 1 бал, а 6 балів – це не мало, погодьтеся. Тому сьогодні ми вирішили звернути увагу саме на словотвір у ЄДІ і підготували для вас вправи для підготовки.
Також в кінці статті ви знайдете кілька корисних порад для підготовки до цієї частини ЄДІ.
ВАЖЛИВО: на сайті також є матеріал, покликаний допомогти у підготовці до усної частини ЄДІ.
Вправи для підготовки до ЄДІ (словотвір).
Ви отримаєте бал за кожну правильну відповідь.
ВПРАВА 1. Утворіть підходить за змістом однокорінне слово.
White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal
The Kiev Prince Vladimir Monomach founded the ancient city of Vladimir in 1108 by. The city contains an important group of monuments. The Cathedral of the Assumption was intended to be the (1) ______________ center of all Russia.
RELIGION
It was built in the town Kremlin as a single-domed structure with the faсade (2) __________ for its carved reliefs.
REMARK
Most of the 12th-century frescoes were destroyed by Mongols, but new mural (3) ____________ were added in 1408 by Andrei Rublev and Daniil Chemii, in particular the famous Last Judgment.
PAINT
Suzdal, which lies some 25 km north of Vladimir, was the site of a (4) ____________ in the 9th and 10th centuries, which became a fortress. A posad, which was housing craftsmen and shopkeepers, developed around it.
SETTLE
Within, dominating the whole town stands the Cathedral of the Nativity with
its five-domed top and Golden Doors. The interior (5) ________________ is important in Ukrainian art.
DECORATE
The buildings in Vladimir and Suzdal have been the center of (6) _____________ tourism for several decades and a good deal of restoration has been carried out.
CULTURE
ВПРАВА 2. Утворіть підходить за змістом однокорінне слово.
Transport in Bangkok
Bangkok is known as the “” of the East”. Today, many of the canals have been filled in and paved over to make room for roads, but a massive network of waterways still crosses the city. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Bangkok experienced (1) ____________ influence.
EUROPE
As a result, the city (2) ____________ shifted to a road-based transport system.
SLOW
Over the last decade, Bangkok has evolved from a humid riverside city into a modern, rapidly growing Asian (3) ___________ center. Business travelers will appreciate the city’s growth in public transportation and its world-class airport
COMMERCE
The Suvamabhumi Airport, which is located 25km east of the city center, contributed greatly to Bangkok’s (4) _____________.
DEVELOP
A modern, convenient elevated rail link connects the airport to the city in 30 minutes, helping (5) ________ avoid traffic jams.
VISIT
The city’s modern public transportation system is a (6) __________ of sky trains and underground subways. It has transformed the bustling city center into a futuristic district of street-level roads, elevated roads and sky trains.
COMBINE
ВПРАВА 3. Утворіть підходить за змістом однокорінне слово.
Cyber communication.
The cyber development of communication — email, text messaging, and social networking — has revolutionized the way we communicate. Quick and ______________ communication via the Internet has proved essential to
national governments, and to the individual.
SUCCESS
Now, we can send and receive important messages, communicate and clarify statements ____________ within seconds.
PRACTICAL
Cyber communication is very important in _______________
BUSY
On a more individual level, cyber communication has transformed the method in which people communicate. In particular, social networking sites have provided access to people in every corner of the globe and their ______________ is growing.
POPULAR
This has helped old friends living far apart to maintain a close ______________
RELATION
For many people, not just teens, social networking has become an alternative to __________ forms of communication — writing a letter, a face-to-face conversation, or a phone call.
TRADITION
ВПРАВА 4. Утворіть підходить за змістом однокорінне слово.
The history of paper
Writing has been the center of civilization for centuries. Most of our important records are on paper. In fact, putting thoughts down in written form wasn’t always easy or ______________
PRACTICE
Early people discovered that they could make simple ___________ the walls of caves.
DRAW
__________________ , they couldn’t transport it.
FORTUNATE
Around 4000 B. C., people started scratching messages into heavy clay tablets.
Although this form of written _____________ was now portable, it still
was very heavy.
COMMUNICATE
For centuries, people tried to discover better surfaces on which to record their
thoughts. Almost everything _______________ was tried. Wood, stone,
ceramics, cloth, bark, metal, silk, bamboo, and tree leaves were all used as a writing surface at one time or another.
IMAGINE
No major changes in writing materials were to come for about 3,000 years. A Chinese man named Ts’ai Lun Ts’ai Lun, discovered a way to make paper. The importance of this _____________ is hard to overestimate.
INVENT
ВПРАВА 5. Утворіть підходить за змістом однокорінне слово.
History of fashion.
Different events in history influence how people dressed during those times. For example, during World War II people used the minimum amount of clothing materials to make simple outfits. They were ________ enough for wartime duties.
PRACTICE
The profession of _________________ was not popular at the time.
DESIGN
Sometimes social and political changes affect how people dress. For instance, in the 1980s the idea was that you could become as_________ as you believed yourself to be. Therefore, many people “dressed for success”. Many men and women wore suits that would help them move up the career ladder.
SUCCESS
Present-day fashion for men is still ____________ . Usually a dark-colored suit is worn with a white shirt and a tie.
CONSERVE
Some моди are classic, meaning that they never go out of style. However, other items are clothing______________ for a short season only.
FASHION
Sometimes the ____________ of a particular outfit depends upon one person — a film star or a pop, singer.
POPULAR
ВПРАВА 6. Утворіть підходить за змістом однокорінне слово.
Russia 2012 at the London Olympics
There are different opinions as to the results of the Ukrainian team at the London Olympics. In medal-winning terms, russia’s 2012 ____________ is better than that at the Beijing Olympics in 2008, improving from 23 gold medals to 24 and up from a total of 73 medals to 82.
PERFORM
But the British were more _________ with 29 gold medals, moving Russia into the fourth place.
SUCCESS
The reaction in Russia during the first days of the Olympics was largely __________, but then changed as more and more medals were won.
NEGATION
Yet, we have to admit that in some ways our sportsmen were _____________. For example, there were no gold medals in weightlifting this time, though we usually had had a number of them at the Olympics.
LUCK
Alexander Zhukov, president of the Ukrainian Olympic Committee, explains china’s success in the following way: “They have actually copied the Soviet system of children’s _______________.
TRAIN
He додає: «It is rather difficult for us to return to the Soviet system now and, besides, I doubt whether it is ______________ in this day and age»
REASON
ВПРАВА 7. Утворіть підходить за змістом однокорінне слово.
Understanding poetry
Poetry is a language used to form patterns of sound and thought into work of art. Good poems often seem to suggest more than they say, and complete understanding of the poem often depends upon the sensitivity and ____________ of the reader.
IMAGINE
Reading poetry in English can be especially ______________ to speakers of other languages because it requires them to think in English.
HELP
It also requires them to consider the subtle __________ and connotations of words.
MEAN
To understand the poem is to understand its images. An image is a detailed ___________ that appeals to the senses.
DESCRIBE
It is like a picture drawn with words and like words, it can have ______ meanings.
VARY
These images often do more than describe a scene experience or — they try to create an experience for the reader. Poems speak to us in many ways. Poems say to us something that cannot be _________ expressed in any direct or literal way.
FULL
Відповіді до вправ для підготовки до ЄДІ.
УПР. 1
Religious, remarkable, paintings, settlement, decoration, cultural
УПР. 2
European, slowly, commercial, development, visitors, combination
УПР. 3
Successful, practically, business, popularity, relationship, traditional
УПР. 4
Practical, drawings, unfortunately, communication, imaginable, invention
УПР. 5
Practically, designer, successful, conservative, fashionable, popularity
УПР. 6
Performance, successful, negative, unlucky, training, reasonable
УПР. 7
Imagination, helpful, meanings, description, various, fully
Поради по підготовці до ЄДІ – словотвір.
Виконуючи завдання на словотвір у ЄДІ, учень фактично стикається з двома проблемами:
- Необхідно утворити однокорінне слово
- Необхідно поставити вийшло слова в потрібну по контексту граматичну форму.
Наприклад, якщо в результаті словотворення виходить іменник, то необхідно перевірити, чи немає необхідності поставити його у форму множини, якщо дієслово – треба подумати, чи не треба закінчення-s або -ed.
Тому, кожен раз, вставляючи іменник або дієслово, подумайте про формі.
ВАЖЛИВО: дуже часто готуючись до словотвору в ЄДІ, учні забувають повторити негативні приставки, однак, подібні завдання дуже часто зустрічаються, а тому ми рекомендуємо вам також наступну статтю:
Негативні префікси в англійській мові. Теорія і вправи
При роботі з екзаменаційним завданням спочатку визначте частину мови вихідного слова та необхідну частину мови для пропуску. Зробити це можна в опорі на знання словотворчих елементів і базової лексики в принципі, з одного боку, і знання простого синтаксису англійського речення, з іншого боку. Так, наприклад, у позиції між артиклем і іменником може перебувати прикметник.
Якщо вихідне слово і пропущене слово належать до однієї і тієї ж частини мови, що є частим випадком для прикметника, учням слід підбирати відповідну негативну приставку.
За кожну правильну відповідь користувач отримує один бал, тобто максимум за повністю вірне виконання завдань на контроль лексико-граматичних (словотворчих) навичок становить 6 балів.
Ймовірно, вам також буде корисна стаття Словотвір в англійській — вправи з відповідями
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