Сausative form в англійській мові: have something done / have someone do

Causative form в англійській мові представлена наступними конструкціями

  • have something done (дослівно – мати щось зробленим для себе ж)
  • have someone do something (примусити когось щось зробити для вас)

HAVE SMTH DONE

Ми використовуємо вираз have + object + past participle (have something done) щоб описати послугу, яку нам надали, або якесь неприємне подія, що з нами сталося в тих випадках, коли дія проводимо не ми, але спрямоване воно на нас або на нашу власність.

Наприклад:

I had my car stolen – У мене вкрали машину.

We had repaired the roof last year. – Нам полагодили дах у минулому році.

Не has had his application turned down – Його заяву відхилили.

My girlfriend has her letter published in the Times – Лист моєї дівчини надрукували в “Таймс”.

В якості підмета в такому реченні буде виступати людина, на якого спрямована дія, або особа, на чию власність спрямована дія. Така конструкція в англійській мові використовується досить часто.

Зверніть увагу, в усному мовленні вираз часто вживається з get замість have без зміни в значенні.

We have our fence pulled down = We get our fence pulled down.

Як використовувати вираз have something done?

Causative form have something done можна використовувати в будь-якому часу. При цьому змінюється тільки дієслово to have. Давайте розглянемо на прикладі пропозиції We have the office cleaned (В нашому офісі провели прибирання)

Present Simple

We have the office cleaned

Past Simple

We had the office cleaned

Future Simple

We will have the office cleaned

Present Continuous

We are having the office cleaned

Past Continuous

We were having the office cleaned

Future Continuous

We will be having the office cleaned

Present Perfect

We have had the office cleaned

Past Perfect

We had had the office cleaned

Future Perfect

We will have had the office cleaned

Present Perfect Continuous

We have been having the office cleaned

Past Perfect Continuous

We had been having the office cleaned

Future Perfect Continuous

We will have been having the office cleaned

Звичайно, всі форми Perfect Continuous і форма Future Perfect практично не використовуються в усному мовленні, так як занадто перевантажені допоміжними дієсловами.

HAVE SMB DO SMTH

Друга можлива форма Causative – have someone do something. Цей вираз більш характерно для американського, ніж для британської англійської. Воно означає, що ви змусили / попросили когось щось для вас зробити.

Наприклад:

I will have the waiter bring you the menu. – Я попрошу офіціанта принести тобі меню.

I had my assistant type the report. – Я попросив помічника надрукувати звіт.

У Британії замість have часто говорять get, як і у випадку з виразом have / get something done. Однак, при використанні get, вираз виду get someone to do something (з’являється частка to).

I will get the waiter to bring you the menu.

I got my assistant to type the report.

Таким чином, causative в англійській мові представлений наступними конструкціями:

  • Have something done

  • Get something done

  • Have someone do something

  • Get someone to do something.

Сausative form в англійській мові: have something done / have someone do

Вправи на Causative form з відповідями.

Давайте трохи попрактикуємось.

Вправа 1. Complete the sentences using the correct form of “to have something done”

  • The Smiths ___________ the roof _______________ last year. (repair)
  • Molly ______________ the room ____________________ next month. (decorate)
  • You should ___________ your eyes ___________ regularly. (test)
  • We ___________ the television _________________ only last year! (repair)
  • ________ you ____________ your car ______________ regularly? (service)
  • How often ___________ you _____________ your windows _____________? (clean)
  • We _________________ the office _________________ every evening. (clean)
  • Our сусідів __________________ a new garage ______________ at the moment (build)

    • Вправа 2. Write down the sentences using the correct causative form. Use a modal verb where appropriate.

  • Bob must/ really / the heating / fix. Winter is coming soon.
  • She / her hair / dye blonde yesterday.
  • They / the rooms / paint at the moment.
  • After Alex / the sleeves / shorten, the blazer fit him perfectly.
  • Instead of buying a new car, why / you / not / your old one / fix / ?
  • What are those workmen doing in your garden? – Oh, we / a garage / build
  • They / not / their TV / fix / yet
  • Her coffee maker was broken. Now it’s working again. She / it /repair

    • Вправа 3. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE

  • Someone cut Kate’s hair о 13.30 pm.

    • Kate ……………………………………………………

  • The mechanic is changing peter’s car battery.

    • Peter …………………………………………………

  • The hairdresser dyed my mother’s hair last Saturday.

    • My mother …………………………………………

  • Someone checks Henry’s guitar after every show.

    • Henry ……………………………………………………

  • The dentist checks my teeth once a year.

    • I ……………………………………………………………………

    Вправа 3. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMEBODY DO SOMETHING

  • The mechanic changes peter’s car battery yearly.

    • Peter …………………………………………………

  • The hairdresser dyed my mother’s hair last Saturday.

    • My mother …………………………………………

  • The assistant checks Henry’s guitar after every show.

    • Henry ……………………………………………………

  • The dentist checks my teeth once a year.

    • I ……………………………………………………………………

    Відповіді:

    Exercise 1.

  • The Smiths had repaired the roof last year.
  • Molly is going to have/is having the room decorated next month.
  • You should have your eyes tested regularly.
  • We had the television repaired only last year!
  • Do you have your car serviced regularly?
  • How often do you have your windows cleaned?
  • We have the office cleaned every evening.
  • Our сусідів are having a new garage built at the moment.

    • Exercise 2.

  • Bob really must have the heating fixed.
  • She had her hair dyed blonde yesterday
  • They are having the painted at the moment
  • After Alex had had the sleeves shortened, the blazer fit him perfectly.
  • Instead of buying a new car, why don’t you have your old one fixed?
  • We are having a garage built.
  • They have had not their TV fixed yet.

    • Exercise 3.

  • Kate had her hair cut о 13.30 pm.
  • Peter is having his car battery changed.
  • My mother had her hair dyed last Saturday.
  • Henry has his guitar checked after every show.
  • I have my teeth checked once a year.

    • Exercise 4.

  • Peter has the mechanic change his car battery yearly.
  • My mother had the hairdresser dye her hair last Saturday.
  • Henry has his assistant check his guitar after every show.
  • I have the dentist check my teeth once a year.

    • Сподіваюся, правила та вправи допомогли Вам розібратися в темі causative forms.

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